Tuesday, July 10th, 1860

Tuesday, July 10th, 1860. After travelling all night I arrived at Canton Mississippi for breakfast much fatigued for the want of sleep. After breakfast we proceeded on our way and arrived at Grand Junction Tennessee about 4 a.m. here we remained for supper and at 10 P.M. left Grand Junction by the Memphis & Charleston cars. expenses of the day $1.50. weather clear & warm.

Monday, July 9th, 1860

Monday, July 9th, 1860. To day I arrived at Berwick bay at 9 A.M. and proceeded immediately to N. Orleans by the Opolousas cars and arrived in New Orleans at 1½ o'clock P.M. I stoped at the City Hotel. While in N.O. I met Harry Broth??? and in company with him & a Mr. Burke we took dinner at the N.? restaurant. I left N.O. by the Mississippi Central cars at 8 P.M. I purchased in N.O. 1 pair of sleeve buttons at 12$ and 1 collar button at $2.50. expenses of day $6.25. weather warm & clear, and some considerable yellow fever prevailing in N.O.

Sunday, July 8th, 1860

Sunday, July 8th, 1860. To day I left Galveston at 10 o'clock A.M. on the Steamship Cayaba? with a full list of passengers going to N.Y. The gulf was very smooth. weather warm & clear. I purchased at Galveston a through ticket to N. York and for which I paid $82.50?.

• Great Fire in Texas --THE TOWN OF DALLAS DESTROYED ALL THE STORES, HOTELS AND PRIVATE DWELLINGS BURNED
  
• The Late Fire at Dallas, Texas -- EXTRAORDINARY DEVELOPMENTS ALLEGED ABOLITIONIST PLAN FOR DEVASTATING NORTHERN TEXAS
  
• Treason in Texas
  
• The Late Fires in Texas

Saturday, July 7th, 1860

To day I arrived in Galveston about 6 o'clock A.M. & put up at the Tremont where I remained all day. expenses of $6.75. weather clear & warm.

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CHARLESTON MERCURY, July 7, 1860, p. 4, c. 1. From the Journal of Commerce. Sewing Machines.-- Women are not yet wholly superseded, being useful in their appropriate place -- in fact absolutely indispensable. Yet the improvement attempted in the Sewing Machine has exerted an important influence upon her social state. Besides, this machine, though of but five years' existence, has effected great mechanical results. As an invention, it has arrived at a rare degree of success. Not a few, either from want of tact or energy, or on account of the worthlessness of their inventions, have entirely disappeared from the arena of trade, "leaving no trace behind" save the wreck of fortune.

The Sewing Machine is being introduced into general use, with a rapidity of which few have any conception. Hardship may result in some instances from the substitution of this instrument for hand labor, but is, no doubt, destined to confer a lasting benefit; its advantages are circumscribed to no particular class, and are unlimited in their application. With occasional slight modifications, with a view to more complete adaptation, the machine works its way among different classes of tradesmen. It promises permanent relief to the wearisome bondage of the sewing woman. Its celerity is incredible. Each one of Wheeler & Wilson's is calculated to do the work of ten ordinary sewers. Women's powers, whatever their cultivation, are unable to compete, either in rapidity, precision, or finish; from one to two thousand stitches per minute is not unusual. On shirt bosoms, the number per minute is about fifteen hundred; in cording and binding umbrellas, two thousand. Thousands of machines are sold for family sewing, several families often uniting in the purchase of a machine, and passing it around as needed; and among them are those of affluence and the highest respectability.

Sometimes a woman buys a machine for gaiter-work, for instance; hires female fitters in sufficient number to keep her constantly employed, and pays them $4 or $5 per week, often leaving a handsome profit. A woman has been known to make as high as $60 per week, with two fitters. Sewing Machines are getting to be extensively employed in making mantillas, hat and cap making, etc. Machinery has already done much to emancipate men from exhausting toil--has developed the industrial arts, and quickened the wheels of commerce--so that, instead of depriving the laborer of his means of support, he is only enabled to apply his powers to the greatest advantage.

Another subject worthy of notice is the great improvement which has taken place in the quality of sewing silk, twist, thread, &c., made necessary by the rapid and accurate movement of the Sewing Machine. We now produce thread in this country, which far exceeds any of foreign importation, in strength and evenness of texture. If the foreign and domestic are looped together and jerked asunder, the former, even of the best descriptions has been found to yield in the greatest number of instances.

The Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine has prepared tables, showing by actual experiment of four different workers, the time required to stitch each part of a garment by hand and with their Sewing Machine. The superiority of the work done by the Machine, and the healthfulness of the employment, are advantages quite as great as the saving of time. Subjoined is a summary of the several of the tables:

Item	Time By Machine	Time By Hand
Gentlemen's Shirts	1 hr. 16 mins.	14 hrs. 26 mins.
Frock Coats	2 hrs. 33 mins.	16 hrs. 35 mins.
Satin Vests	1 hr. 14 mins.	7 hrs. 19 mins.
Linen Vests	48 mins.	5 hrs. 14 mins.
Cloth Pants	51 mins.	5 hrs. 10 mins.
Summer Pants	33 mins.	2 hrs. 50 mins.
Silk dress	1 hr. 18 mins.	10 hrs. 22 mins.
Merino Dress	1 hr. 4 mins.	8 hrs. 27 mins.
Calico Dress	57 mins.	6 hrs. 37 mins.
Chemise	1 hrs. 1 mins.	10 hrs. 34 mins.
Moreen Skirt	35 mins.	7 hrs. 28 mins.
Muslin Skirt	30 mins.	6 hrs. 1 min.
Drawers	28 mins.	4 hrs. 1 min.
Night Dress	1 hr. 7 mins.	10 hrs. 2 mins.
Silk Apron	15 mins.	4 hrs. 16 mins.
Plain Apron	9 mins.	1 hr. 26 mins.

Seams of considerable length are ordinarily sewed at the rate of a yard a minute. The Lock Stitch made by this machine is the only stitch that cannot be raveled, and that presents the same appearance upon each side of the seam. It is made with two threads, one upon each side of the fabric, and interlocked in the centre of it.

Friday, July 6th, 1860

To day I settled with Wrigley for negro woman Rachael the property of the little woman, and upon said settlement Wrigley paid me $1100 ~ which puts me in debt to her in the sum of $1300. I left Liberty at 2 o'clock P.M. for Galveston on board of the steamer Swan and had a very pleasant trip. expenses of the day $3.50. weather clear & pleasant, but rather warm.

Thursday, July 5th, 1860

To day we left Livingston in the coach with the same crowd at day light and arrived at Smithfield to dinner Thence to Johnson's for supper and to Liberty at 12 o'clock P.M. stoped with Wrigley. expenses of the day $1.50. weather clear & warm.

Wednesday, July 4th, 1860

After travelling all night we arrived at Daniel Dailey's for breakfast. Then to Sumpter for dinner. Then to Livingston for supper, and there remained all night. The trip of this day was very unpleasant being crowded in a small coach only large enough for 6 passengers, but containing 14, inside & out, making it not only unpleasant but disagreeable. expenses of this day $2.50. weather cloudy with occasional showers of rain.



The New York Times. July 4, 1860. OUR NATIONAL ANNIVERSARY -- City celebration of the Fourth Arrangements for the Military and Civic Display,Regatta, Fireworks, Excursions, &c.